Tuesday, May 19, 2020

Chemistry of BHA and BHT Food Preservatives

Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and the related compound butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) are phenolic compounds that are often added to foods to preserve fats  and oils and keep them from becoming rancid. They are added to food, cosmetics, and packing of products that contain fats to maintain nutrient levels, color, flavor, and odor. BHT is also sold as a dietary supplement for use as an antioxidant. The chemicals are found in an extensive list of products, yet there is concern about their safety. Take a look at the chemical properties of these molecules, how they work, and why their use is controversial. BHA Characteristics BHA is a mixture of the isomers 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and 2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole. Also known as BOA, tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, (1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methoxyphenol, tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol, antioxyne B, and under various trade namesMolecular formula C11H16O2White or yellowish waxy solidFaint characteristic aromatic odor BHT Characteristics Also known as 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene; methyl-di-tert-butyl phenol; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-para-cresolMolecular formula C15H24OWhite powder How Do They Preserve Food? BHA and BHT are antioxidants. Oxygen reacts preferentially with BHA or BHT rather than oxidizing fats or oils, thereby protecting them from spoilage. In addition to being oxidizable, BHA and BHT are fat-soluble. Both molecules are incompatible with ferric salts. In addition to preserving foods, BHA and BHT are also used to preserve fats and oils in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. What Foods Contain BHA and BHT? BHA is generally used to keep fats from becoming rancid. It is also used as a yeast de-foaming agent. BHA is found in butter, meats, cereals, chewing gum, baked goods, snack foods, dehydrated potatoes, and beer. It is also found in animal feed, food packaging, cosmetics, rubber products, and petroleum products. BHT also prevents oxidative rancidity of fats. It is used to preserve food odor, color, and flavor. Many packaging materials incorporate BHT. It is also added directly to shortening, cereals, and other foods containing fats and oils. Are BHA and BHT Safe? Both BHA and BHT have undergone the additive application and review process required by the US Food and Drug Administration. However, the same chemical properties which make BHA and BHT excellent preservatives may also be implicated in health effects. The research leads to conflicting conclusions. The oxidative characteristics and/or metabolites of BHA and BHT may contribute to carcinogenicity or tumorigenicity; however, the same reactions may combat oxidative stress and help detoxify carcinogens. Some studies indicate low doses of BHA are toxic to cells, while higher doses may be protective, while other studies yield exactly the opposite results. There is evidence that certain persons may have difficulty metabolizing BHA and BHT, resulting in health and behavior changes. Yet, BHA and BHT may have antiviral and antimicrobial activities. Research is underway concerning the use of BHT in the treatment of herpes simplex and AIDS. References and Additional Reading This is a fairly long list of online references. While the chemistry and effectiveness of BHA, BHT, and other additives within food is straightforward, the controversy surrounding health effects is hot, so several points of view are available. Adverse Effects of Some Inactive Ingredients - Summary of health effects reported for dyes and preservatives, including food colors, BHA, BHT, sodium benzoate, nitrates, nitrites, and monosodium glutamate.Chemical Cuisine: CSPIs Guide to Food Additives - This site includes a glossary, explanation of cancer testing, alphabetical listing of additives, and a list of additives that have been banned.Common Food Additives - CNN In-Depth provides this chart listing additives and their chemistry, uses, common products containing the additives, and reported side effects.Fresh Look at Food Preservatives - Judith E. Foulke provides an overview of the preservative use and regulation, she specifically discusses BHA, BHT, and sulfites.Chemical Sensitivity Homepage - This site discusses the inability of damaged nervous tissue to metabolize specific toxins.The Feingold Association of the United States - The Feingold Association provides extensive information about the effects of petroleum-derived ad ditives and salicylates (both natural and synthetic) on the behavior/health of susceptible persons.

The Effects Of Stress On The Workplace Stress - 1387 Words

Workplace stress comes in endless types of reactions and is different from employee to employee. According to Hitt, Miller, Colella in Organizational Behavior, stress is a feeling of tension that occurs when a person perceives that a situation is about to exceed her ability to cope and consequently could endanger their well-being. Job stress is the feeling that one’s capabilities, resources, or needs to not match the demands or requirements of the job. In today’s world everybody deals with some sort of stress in their lives and deals with it in different ways. It is important to recognize the type of stress you are dealing with and know what you have to do to reduce or eliminate to be productive. Stress can be defined in different ways acute stress, episodic acute stress or chronic stress. Acute stress is the most common kind of stress. Acute stress can come from demands and pressures of the recent past or something in the near future. Acute stress can be thrilling and exciting in little amounts, but when there is too much of it can be tiresome. Acute stress also known as short-term stress can lead to psychological distress, tension headaches, upset stomach or other symptoms. Acute stress is usually recognized by most individuals. It is a list of things that have gone wrong in their lives; a fender bender, losing important paperwork, rushing to pick up kids, kid problems. Acute stress because it is short term it doesn’t do extensive damage that goes with long term stress.Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Stress On The Workplace1563 Words   |  7 PagesEmotions in the workplace play a crucial role in how organizations communicate within and to the outside world. Emotional states in the workplace have strong influence on the outcomes and dictates behaviors and attitudes within organizations. Positive emotions help employees attain favorable outcomes including job enrichment, achievement and higher quality social context. There is smooth relati onship in the workplace when there are positive emotions. Negative emotions on the other hand change theRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress On The Workplace1398 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Stress is the body’s response to any change that requires an adjustment or response. The body reacts to these changes with physical, mental and emotional responses. Stress is a normal part of life.†(WebMD UK) Stress is the feeling of being under too much mental or emotional pressure. Pressure turns into stress when one feels unable to cope. For workers everywhere, the economy may feel like an emotional roller coaster. Layoffs and budget cuts are common in the workplace, and the result is increasedRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Stress On The Workplace1472 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction â€Å"Work stress is one of the oldest issues in organizational psychology and is considered one of the most severe occupational injuries in modern society† (Chou, Chu, Yeh, Chen, 2014, p. 115). Overcoming this severe issue of workplace stress is an important topic to discuss. It is defined as the events or circumstances that cause strain to an employee, which can result in physical, mental, and emotional consequences (Dextras-Gauthier, Marchand, Haines, 2012; Nà ¤gel, Sonnentag, Kà ¼hnelRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress At A Workplace1503 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay examines the impact of stress at a workplace. Stress has turned into a swarming highlight of individuals life in cutting edge world. The present day world which is said to be a universe of accomplishments is additionally a universe of stress. Stress is all over, whether it is in the family, business association, venture, organization or some other social or monetary movement. Right from conception till deat h, an individual is perpetually presented to different unpleasant circumstancesRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress On The Workplace2472 Words   |  10 PagesThe word stress is defined as a state of mental or emotional strain or tension resulting from adverse or very demanding circumstances. The world is full of endless opportunities; we are allowed to pursue anything in life through hard work. This is something that is emphasized early in life through school. Generally not everyone is informed of the stresses of certain routes chosen in life through occupations. There is now ways to find out how stressful jobs are. Schools are providing classes requiredRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress On The Workplace2212 Words   |  9 Pagesand demands. Stress isn’t always bad, many times it can help people while they are performing under pressure since it will motivate them to do their best. Scientists use the term stress to refer to any force that impairs the balance of bodily functions. From this definition, the definition of job stress was formed. Job stress can be defined as the harmful physical and emotional responses that occur when the requirements of the job do not match the needs of the worker. When stress begins to becomeRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress On The Workplace2214 Words   |  9 PagesStress is the body’s reaction to a mental/emotional strain subsequently from favourable or unfavourable conditions. â€Å"Workplace stress can be defined as the harmful physical and emotional responses that occur when the requirements of the job do not match the capabilities, resources, or needs of the employee.† (Nonprofitrisk.org, 2014). Stress is becoming an emerging issue within businesses and organisations as it causes damages such as sickness absenteeism, poor efficiency and more if not managedRead MoreThe Effects Of Workplace Stress On The United Kingdom Courts8122 Words   |  33 PagesThis study examined workplace stress in a random sample of litigated cases heard in the United Kingdom courts. The majority of claims related to clinical depression. The alleged causes of workplace stress most commonly cited in litigation included: excessive workload, followed by poor management practices, organisational, economic or technical change, aggressive management style, and bullying by co-workers. The presence of effective workplace stress management policies were important interventionsRead MoreThe Problems, Effects, and Solutions to Workplace Stress for Holland’s Automotive Repair2132 Words   |  9 Pagesexamines the problems, effects, and solutions to workplace stress. In addition, I will explain risk assessment, management, and prevention. Finally, I will review coping strategies for workplace stress. Holland’s Automotive Repair has seventy-seven people of a wide diverse nature. Internal research shows many employees are suffering from workplace stress. External research focuses on several studies, models, and theories of workplace stress effects. Workplace stress causes problems such asRead MoreEssay on Stress In The Workplace532 Words   |  3 Pagesaffects that stress can have on an employees performance and are offering different programs to help employees manage stress in their lives. This approach is proving to increase workplace performance, as well as improve employee loyalty and retention in the long run. What Causes Stress? Causes and Concerns Stress has been defined as a physiologic reaction to uncomfortable or unaccustomed physical or psychological stimuli. The biological variations that can result from stress of the sympathetic

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Analysis Of The Poem Blue Lipstick - 797 Words

This crafty collection of poems is an expression of Jessie’s, a fifteen year old girl, words and thoughts about the world and people around her. The poems express her emotions of having a bad hair day, choosing friends, and even her super annoying brother. Her laughable, sarcastic take on high school life is shown through concrete poetry: words, ideas, and design that combine to make pictures and patterns. The illustrations and text really make each poem magical. Young adults enjoy poetry, poems associated to their moods, emotions, provide humor for them and may give a new outlook of a topic. It is a way to reach teenagers through shorter literary work. Poetry is carefully selected for their sonorous and rhythmic effect. It is the concentrated expression of ideas and feelings through imaginative words. The words are place together to form thought that provoke humor and other emotions in the reader. Blue Lipstick is a great example of young adult poetry, the poems are told in first person by Jessie, a teenage girl. Blue Lipstick is a poetry book by a single poet, John Grandits. His interpretation of Jessie’s thoughts keeps the reader enjoying each poem. I also feel the collection is a thematic poetry book because the entire collection is about the everyday life of Jessie. Jessie explaining about her bad hair day starts off the poems. She and Lisa, her best friend, decided to do something â€Å"extreme† to her hair. The result was half bleach that made her look ancient and theShow MoreRelatedInterpretation of the Text13649 Words   |  55 Pageswe have, then, is an independent little world made of words: a world of forms, images, and sounds that are all designed to work together. This does not mean that works of literature have nothing to do with reality. On the contrary, Walt Whitmans poems often address the reader directly; Mark Twains Huckleberry Finn has everything to do with the history of American slavery; and when Emily Dickinson writes, 1 never hear the word escape Without a quicker †¢blood, she is surely expressing her ovm feelingsRead MoreManagement Challenges for the 21st Century.Pdf60639 Words   |  243 Pages It is likely to be the nonprofit social sector. And that is also the sector where management is today most needed and where systematic, principled, theory-based management can yield the greatest results the fastest. The first Conclusion of this analysis of the ASSUMPTIONS that must underlie Management to make productive both its study and its practice is therefore: Management is the specific and distinguishing organ of any and all organizations. II The One Right Organization Concern with management

The Effects Of Changing Conception Of Childhood - 889 Words

The cause of changing conception of childhood could entirely be the contribution of environmental pressures of the current age. One prominent factor of a changing conception could be the steady decline of child mortality. In the times of less technological advancement, child mortality was high. â€Å"The infant who was too fragile as yet to take part in the life of adult simply did not count.†(Aries, 1960, p125) As Aries summarises from Moliere. As stated above, with child mortality so high, the need for detachment presented itself as a decent coping mechanism. It was acknowledged by the community that â€Å"little one(s) did not count† (Aries, 1960, p125). It could be argued that the detachment from children is due to the presumption of eventual death of the child in its early years which, therefore, caused a lack of childhood for many children. Guo Jujing also touches heavily on the topic of child mortality through his folk text, â€Å"Twenty-four filial explemarsâ € . In chapter 13, the story is of a poor family in China whom struggles to find enough food to keep the family going. â€Å"Poor as we are, we cannot properly provide for mother, and yet our son is sharing her food. Why not bury this son before mother starves to death? It is easier to have another son, but one can never have another mother.† Many cultures across the world value sons highly and for the son to request that his child, who is a boy to be buried, illustrates a sacrifice which he feels somewhat indifferent to. FilialShow MoreRelatedThe Three Developmental Processes Are Biological1361 Words   |  6 Pagesare tied to and influence the periods of development, the overlapping of these dynamics are found in each process. Periods of Child Development †¢ The Prenatal Period: This period is in the time frame from conception to birth. - The Biological changes occurring during this period include conception, as well as the individual’s growth of its body and organs. - The Cognitive changes taking place include the ability to learn and remember. - The Socioemotional changes included in this period are the child’sRead MoreThe Occidental And Oriental Historical Backgrounds993 Words   |  4 Pagesbehavior and people are different across the world, we should try to look at these dissimilarities to understand our species better. Actually, it seems that we do not have the exactly same cognition, emotional and affective aptitudes. A study on conception of pain and pain control showed us that pain is omnipresent in a human’s life. We can find similarities among and between universals; pain is one of these. Because everyone knows what pain is, and obviously everyone has endured this experience onceRead MoreChild Development and the Impact of Autism1273 Words   |  6 Pagesthe cause or effect I am analyzing in my thesis? Yes, I am analyzing cause and effect between autism and children. 2. Have I explained the cause-and-effect relationship convincingly? Yes, I have provided researched examples of the cause and effect relationship between autism and children. 3. Have I organized my causes and/or effects logically? Yes, I have organized my causes and effects throughout the paper. 4. Have I used sound logic? Yes, I have backed up my cause and effect ideas withRead MoreReflection On Child Development And Education1134 Words   |  5 Pagestake all of these things into consideration, everyone will benefit. Chapter four covers a wide range of information regarding how genetics and environmental exposures affect the growth of a human being. These factors can affect a person from conception. Additionally, it discusses how educators and other adults who interact with a child can guide and help them reach their full genetic potential. All children have a unique set of genes when they are born that they inherit from both their fatherRead MoreIs Abortion Morally Wrong? Essay1372 Words   |  6 Pageswhich has taken our country by storm over the last decade. As more and more unexpected pregnancies are occurring, many women find themselves faced with the financial and social burdens of potentially raising a child. Helpless and faced with a life- changing dilemma, these women turn to abortion as their only choice. With the statistics for unexpected pregnancies on the rise every year, the war between pro-life and pro-choice groups are at an all-time high. The growing controversy surrounding abortionRead More Gender Identity Disorder Essay1594 Words   |  7 Pagesappropriate for men and women.[2] â€Å"Gender identityâ€Å": an individuals self-conception as being male or female, as distinguished from actual biological sex.[3] With so many different terms, it is hard to keep up with the language and understanding of the complex idea of Gender Identity Disorder. If â€Å"sex† is a biological term, and â€Å"gender† is a sociological term, and â€Å"gender identity† is an individual’s self-conception whether or not ones gender matches up with one’s biological sex, where do weRead MoreClose Reading: Culture Is Ordinary by Raymond Williams Essay1240 Words   |  5 PagesClose Reading: Culture is Ordinary by Raymond Williams The article by Raymond Williams is an attempt to describe and analyse the changing dynamics of culture through its constant shifts in meaning. He begins his essay with a brief account of a visit to his childhood home in Wales, in a few words describing his own personal history. From his anecdote, Williams delves into his main argument, that Culture is ordinary, breaking this idea into two parts, â€Å"the known meanings and directions, which itsRead MoreObesity And Pregnancy : Early Education And Prevention1290 Words   |  6 PagesMaternal and Child Enquiries, 75% of mothers who die of thrombo- embolism were obese, 61% died of heart disease. Fetus development is also impacted by obesity during pregnancy with complications including fetal death, congenital abnormalities, and childhood obesity. It has been noted that 12-24% of first trimester pregnancies may end in miscarriage; however analysis have shown that obese women are more likely to miscarriage (Stirrat and Reynolds, 2014). According to Stirrat and Reynolds, â€Å"Obesity hasRead MoreThe Cognitive Response Theory On Birth Control1222 Words   |  5 Pagesjustice. They would often publish explicit and informative descriptions that pushed for the prevention of conception and even include guidelines to properly avoid the overall use of conception. These published descriptions not only brought in a new change for the nineteenth century but also led to the biggest decline of birth rates in the world. It wasn’t until 1914 that such acts of preventing conception became coined as â€Å"birth control.† A militantly feminist journal known as The Woman Rebel coined theRead MoreChild Labour and its Effects on Children and Their Families1720 Words   |  7 Pagescompulsory schooling, plus the effects this had on the lives of children and their families. The last two hundred years from the 1800’s to 2000 are explored to recognize the issues surrounding prolonging childhood in mainly Britain. It was here child labour was initially recognised in factories, mills and mines in the early nineteenth century. This essay will demonstrate the various changes during this period, and the differences between the working class and upper class childhoods and the differences between

Taking into consideration the social and theatrical context of the play Essay Example For Students

Taking into consideration the social and theatrical context of the play Essay Taking into consideration the social and theatrical context of the play, what is interesting about Shakespeares presentation of the Star crossd lovers in Romeo and Juliet One of William Shakespeares most renowned plays is the tragedy, Romeo and Juliet. The plot revolves around the complexities of love, conflict and fate amongst a 16th century society. In this essay I am aiming to explore, analyse and discuss the social and theatrical aspects of the play, alongside the various types of language used to entertain a wider audience. Shakespeare introduced Romeo and Juliet with a prologue. This was an important part of the plays structure as it set the scene and outlined the plot. It was read out in order to help the less educated peasants in the audience to understand what was going to happen. The public enjoyed Shakespeares use of clever puns and linguistic devices adding excitement to the plot and transforming characters so as to give a magical air to the performance. The latter was further reinforced by the fact that superstition was an integral part of 16th century life, both amongst the upper and lower classes. Shakespeare takes advantage of his superstitious audience by including quotes such as I am fortunes fool and Star-crossed lovers to maintain interest. The character Romeo is initially presented as unhappy and a love dazed man, Out of her favour, where I am in love. Romeo is down in love with Rosaline, and he changes dramatically during the play and what really sparks this off is his meeting with Juliet. Now his character has changed he is presented as a lover not a fighter, and this was very different to other mens behaviour as other men as they would act out of anger but Romeo appears to be more affectionate and sensitive than maybe his peers, so this must show how deep his love is for Juliet. Shakespeare realises the large gap between wealth and poverty in his spectators, so he staged the audience apart so the actors could direct certain parts of the play to either the wealthy, well educated or the poorer, uneducated peasants. For example if Romeo was to use a pun or some funny language, My naked weapon is out, this would be directed to the poorer members but sometimes Shakespeare reflected on political and social awareness of th e period, which would obviously be spoken towards the wealthy and well educated as the peasant wouldnt really understand what is being said. It is very interesting how rapidly and significantly Romeos attitude changes towards life through the power of love. You can see through how he presents language that he has changed dramatically, for example when he falls out of love with Rosaline, the way he speaks makes it feel as Romeo could even be thinking of giving up love, but within a matter of days after having been at the capulets party he meets Juliet who boosts his spirits and realises he shouldnt give up passion after all, Ill go along no such site to be shown, but to rejoice in splendour of my own. To portray this change of feelings, Shakespeare uses different types of language such as, metaphoric, romantic and creating macrocosm, it is the East and Juliet is the sun, and example of all these techniques. The effects of this language gives an instant impression that Romeo has never loved anyone as much as Juliet and is very glad that he didnt decide to give up love, also this suggests how highly he holds Juliet she is cl early very important to him. .u222cda0491d7022684d3fac6b20b8abc , .u222cda0491d7022684d3fac6b20b8abc .postImageUrl , .u222cda0491d7022684d3fac6b20b8abc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u222cda0491d7022684d3fac6b20b8abc , .u222cda0491d7022684d3fac6b20b8abc:hover , .u222cda0491d7022684d3fac6b20b8abc:visited , .u222cda0491d7022684d3fac6b20b8abc:active { border:0!important; } .u222cda0491d7022684d3fac6b20b8abc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u222cda0491d7022684d3fac6b20b8abc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u222cda0491d7022684d3fac6b20b8abc:active , .u222cda0491d7022684d3fac6b20b8abc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u222cda0491d7022684d3fac6b20b8abc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u222cda0491d7022684d3fac6b20b8abc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u222cda0491d7022684d3fac6b20b8abc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u222cda0491d7022684d3fac6b20b8abc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u222cda0491d7022684d3fac6b20b8abc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u222cda0491d7022684d3fac6b20b8abc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u222cda0491d7022684d3fac6b20b8abc .u222cda0491d7022684d3fac6b20b8abc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u222cda0491d7022684d3fac6b20b8abc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: 'How important is the theme of conflict in the play of Romeo and Juliet?' EssayJuliet is presented in a very different way to Romeo, as at the beginning it is obvious that she will do what her parents say and is very obedient, Ill look to like if looking liking move, this is explaining that if her parents choose a man for her she will try and love him, but as in the same way as Romeo she soon starts to change. It was at the same point in the play that they both started to develop and in Juliets case she gradually becomes less obedient and starts to ignore her parents and even is contemplating who to listen to, her parents or her true love Romeo, my only love sprung out of my only hate. Juliet develops tremendously at one point in the play from being, under control and selfless into someone, pro-active, pragmatic and a lot more passionate, the stage which all this happens is after her encounter with Friar Lawrence. The main change with Juliet is her attitude and approach to her parents, she starts to disobey the Capulets and in result there is a fall out. This behaviour is very odd for a girl in the 16th century society as disrespecting parents wouldnt even be thought of, also throughout the play her behaviour is very odd for example she gets married of her own accord and doesnt ask parent permission. Another obvious point of her behaviour is at the very end when she commits suicide, even though nothing can be done now; this is definitely not how a girl in this era would behave. All of the latter is interesting about Juliet especially that she reacted in exactly the same way as Romeo, where both their attitudes change so fast. In the Globe theatre I would have actors direct the clever language and funny puns towards the peasants as they are more down to earth and generally find it more amusing than the higher class as they would speak publicly about such things and may even be offended. On the other hand if there was a more romantic or poetic line to be spoken, O Romeo, Romeo. Where for art thou Romeo? This would, without a doubt, be directed to the wealthier audience. If Shakespeare was to use a pun, it would have been expressed in an amusing way to try and get the spectators involved, but if there was a more figurative or poetic line it would be told in a formal and passionate way as the higher class would find this more interesting than getting involved.

Social Change Model of Leadership Development Free-Samples

Question: Explore and Develop Key Capabilities in one of the three key Leadership Capabilities (competencies) addressed in the unit. Answer: Self Reflection One of the remarkable criteria of an effective work culture is the type and category of leadership practices that are prevalent in the organization. It is one of the mandatory profile characteristics of the leader or the manager who possess the role of leading or managing the relative aspects of the organization. Leadership can be defined as a process which is realized through a behavioral trait that is a mandatory quality that measures the effectiveness and the capabilities of the leader or the manager. The efficacy of role and responsibility of the manager is determined through the application and management of the various aspect of this feature. There are a number of segments and procedures which helps in analyzing the required leadership capabilities that are observed in an individual. Among the number of participants there were a number of questionnaire that was formulated and passed on which was based on the reflections and revelations of the number of theories of leadership st yle. The leadership theories on which the diagnosis was carried out have been predominantly used for the techniques responsible for the individual analysis. The inference which was drawn from the stages of mini simulation has been necessarily coordinated and I have been able to derive a number of instances that has helped in realizing my ability to empower and influence my leadership style. In regards to the Quinn Management Questionnaire which is based on rating the constituents of leadership where the essential practices and applications of skills of power and influence has been evaluated through the determinants of the test. Owing to the criteria of commanding and influencing my authority over the others I have been a pretty successful leader. I was appointed as the leader of maintaining the cultural aspect of an annual meet of an educational institution. The fact that I had to not only manage or arrange but also supervise all the activities, style and the best fit approaches for executing al the aspect of the program allowed to use my power of assigning different task and encouraging the participations of the team members. There were three groups assigned under my managerial power and application which has helped me to comprehend the best criteria required for managing three groups. The cultural activity involved contacting, arranging, ensuring the participation and attendance of three famous personalities, which was assigned to two teams which had two members each. In fact there have been instances where I had to influence my team members in successfully getting their task done in spite of many obstacles and had to exercise my power when they did not show sincerity towards their assigned work. One of the incredible criterions of a successful work culture is the nature and class of leadership practices and during this event I have been able to observe a number of sequences that regulated the multitude of activities among my group members. One more role of me as a responsible influencer developed my competence was due to my representation of an anti-discrimination movement which was carried out in our institutions. Armed with an objective of the equal value and integrity it raised concern among the peer people and the initiative of managing has been practiced in this scenario. Moreover, while leading a group of 10 people under the online and offline marketing team I have developed an acute sense of influencing towards the better performance and more productivity towards the noble initiative everyone in the group was involved with a survey which are prevalent in the behavioral structure. It is one of the mandatory profile characteristics of the leader or the manager who posse ss the role of leading or managing the relative aspects of the organization. Leadership can be defined as a process which is realized through a behavioral trait that is a mandatory quality that measures the effectiveness and the capabilities of the leader or the manager. The efficacy of role and responsibility of the manager is determined through the application and management of the various aspect of this feature. There are a number of segments and procedures which helps in analyzing the required leadership capabilities that are observed in an individual while performing their role. It is defined on the purpose and the situation which is feasible for the application of the suitable leadership style. The objective of an assessment is to allow and interpret the required gaps and the ability which must be fulfilled and addressed by the individual in the role of a manager. The devise of management which is employed to supervise and critically analyze the variety of role that is expected of a manager have been defined extensively in this assessment (Refer Fig.7.) . The assessment has also allowed me to carry out a self analysis on my capabilities as an able leader. Undoubtedly, leadership skills are a number of factors which contribute to the best of the required scenario. The factors include the competencies and abilities of appropriate credibility, the significance of power and influence along with the humanistic motive of self confidence are some of the digressions which are to be analyzed in order to make pragmatic judgment. However, this unit focuses particularly on the ability of influence and power to the correlation with the varying dynamics of leadership and its ranging styles. A questionnaire was involved for assessing all the properties that will aid in comprehending my nature of power and influence. The comparison and contrast between the three diagnostic tests have revealed that I am capable in understanding the emotional intelligence, priorities and my role in asserting both the power of leadership and facilitating the process of motivation among my teammates for improving the type of work and the culture, which is sustained in the following assessment. The measurement tools have helped me to access the importance to analyze and draw inference from the situations and implications that are required for the development of my personality. The relevancy of power and influence in an organizational structure is as crucial in an appropriate leadership framework, which is necessarily a huge determinant while analyzing, and carrying out a self-diagnosis. Among the participants of this workshop there were a number of tools which have marked or analyzed my competence in ascending order staring form lower rate of 1 to a higher rate of 3 (Refer Fig.9). Literature Review The concept of leadership is an age-old phenomenon. The administrative aspect and nature of the organization depends upon the leadership qualities. It is used as a determinant and a qualifying factor that helps in comprehending the influential and relative capable powers of the leader. A leader or manager is supposed to lead a team towards fulfilling or accomplishing a common objective. The leader of a group must possess the cognition and the control of influencing and motivating the group members for improving their productivity and the determination towards their role (Pierro et al., 2013). The approach of organizational behavior has helped in the coordination of the power and influence which is one of the integral powers of the authority or the body of management. The mechanism of power and influence is important to understand the call of organizational authority and the influence, which has been defined by the theories, which has been determined by the several categories of power . According to Cameron et al., (2014) the factors that coordinate the environment of this behavior includes the legitimate, coercive, reward, expert, referent and informational which has been acknowledged on the importance of power and influence applied in the various organizational structure (Refer Fig.10.). Influencing is an ability, which motivates, analyzes the situation and helps in improving the strategies that are involved in effective organizational factors. Power on the other hand states the nature of authority, which is important for understanding the variable factors and the interventions of the relationship between the followers and the leader (Pennings et al., 2014). The factors of power and its coordination are the aspects, which helps in determining the nature and the type of authority involved in a specific systems and the various aspects of the leadership styles. The job profile of a leader also expects him/ her to analyze human and environmental situations through the proper utility of the power that has been vested upon them. Accessing the power and imposing on the team member must be performed effectively and strategically so that there are no hindrance in the role and affairs of leadership. In fact, the four elements that are involved in the leadership style involve leader and the respective followers, the process of flow of information and communication practices and the circumstances of the operation. The official representative of a group must be able to mange, acquire and indulge in a number of pro-active activities and roles that are expected to be performed by while presiding as a leader. The skills that are required are congruent with a number of leadership theories that have existed by the virtue of the various research and studies in this discipline of management (Reich Lebow, 2014). The critical and analytical studies have helped in improving the conventional style along with the new discoveries and concepts, which aided in developing new techniques and tools for evaluating the style of leadership followed in an organization. The assessment carried out after conducting the experiential workshop, which was a two long event, has been measured based on power and influence. The self-assessment on the theories, factors and limitations of this competency of a leader shall be executed in this module (Meier, 2016). It addresses the required competence in order to fulfill the key skills and features of the appropriate leadership style. The module helps in coordinating and drawing an informative account on the policies and framework of the different leadership style prevalent in the course of this assessment. Moreover, the involvement of the Competing Value Framework of Quinn, Emotional Intelligence Capability by David Golemaan and Situational Leadership Framework by Hers ey-Blanchard has been a significant tool in deriving a conclusion to this leadership assessment. The Competing Value Framework is a constructive tool in which are based the dimensions of leadership and its nature within a predefined organizational framework which is hypothetical and can be cited by assessing any competing value standards. According to Quinn et al., (2014), effectiveness in an organization, through the quantitative representation of the key performance meter of the organization. It has been classified in four quadrants primarily in order to initiate the framework and the required structure for assessing four models namely, the internal, human systems, open and rational goal model (Refer Fig1.). The leadership qualities have been linked to the relevant situation and the probable roles, which can exist in the specific environment, have been classified in the competitive value leadership framework. It can be described by plotting a graph, which measures the tendencies of occurrence of the different roles of a leader in a structural set up of the organizational framework. The roles entail eight categories ranging from the role of a mentor, innovator, monitor, director, facilitator, producer, co-coordinator and broker (Refer Fig. 2). The assimilation of these roles defines the importance and variety of the behavioral intentions and adaptations, which can be accessed by any leader or a manager. The competence of a leader with a powerful attitude of a great influencer cannot be limited to any specific role, but proper mentoring and monitoring of the team members or the apparent followers are important characteristics that can be used for operating them in a real environment. The regulatory agents are the level of flexibility and control which measures the requirement and the style that is required for the management of the competing values framework (Refer Fig.8). As opined by the Magee Frasier, (2014), culture is an inherent part of determining o evaluating the effectiveness that can be employed by aligning all the notions that have been referred while formulating the theory developed by Quinn which will result in an effective outcome. In fact advocating the means of this framework has helped in assessing the significance and the nature of the roles that involves power and influence to be integrated within the systems of organizational practices. The next diagnostic action involves the concept of Emotional Intelligence Capability, which is a mixture of a cognitive and radical involvement with the activities of a leader while leading a group of people. In fact, Daniel Golemaan in his theory has deciphered the notions of capabilities, which are dependent on both the emotional as well as the intelligence quotient. He asserted the fact that being a strategic and controlled leader is not the limits of attaining effectiveness rather the fact that the leader must possess equal human quality as compassion and comprehending ability. This theory is of prime importance due to the involvement of human resource in an organizational framework who is emotional bearers. As stated by Gardner Salovey, (2013), leader is supposed to have capabilities who is likely to understand and relate to the emotions and the reasons of effectiveness or natural tendencies. Goleman has developed the criterions into four models or medium, which is subjected to being flexible and apply it while incorporating into the leadership strategies of an individual (Refer Fig.6). The interpersonal account of embracing and accepting a range of emotions and displaying it with the right amount of emotional balance and recognition capacities are involved in the analysis of the ESIC theory (Goleman Boyatzis, McKee, 2013). The four strata can be defined as the self-awareness or consciousness along with self-management on the other hand it entails the social awareness and skill, which must be managed by the acquired status of a leader. Therefore, the immense involvement of the discipline, which involves aligning both, the emotional acquaintance of the individual as well as the peer team members have been mentioned within this emotional intelligence assessment. Capacities to self reflect and identify the best of the requirements and judging a situation, which should have a holistic impact on all the employees in consideration with the performance meter have been involved in this study of the emotional intelligence of a leader. It also looks into managing and interpreting the relationship between the coordination of the team members and understanding the work-life balance. Another significant tool, which was involved in the assessment of judging the capabilities of leadership accounts have been involved with the theory developed by Hersey-Blanchard (Hersey, 2014). The Situational Leadership Questionnaire have developed from the extensive research on the Situational Leadership Framework which defines that there is no specific obligation which will result in the best criteria of the effectiveness rather if adapting to the policies and ethics of the situation the outcomes will be more effective (Refer Fig. 3.). It asserts on the knowledge about the four types of leadership style probabilities, which can be used for the situations that must arrive due to the hierarchy and quantity of the task and relationship prevalent within the organizational structure. The four elements involve the style of delegating, telling, participating and selling along with the maintenance and integration of work culture and interaction procedure (Refer Fig. 5.). Moreover, this structure is dependent on the variation of the situations and the leader must adapt according to the suitable and appropriate style and nature of acceptance and correlation (Beveridge, 2013).The flow of directions and the analysis will be involved within the criteria and the involvement of the four modules and the situation, which can occur in any organizational culture. The power of maturity, competency and willingness determines the success and philosophy of the situational leadership framework. The fact that commitment and the tendency to perform the role of a leader effectively have been coordinated within a graphical plot, which have been analyzed through the nature of the balance between all the determinants (Refer Fig. 4). The contextual factors that are involved within the situational leadership model involve the hierarchies and the levels of developing and interpreting the best goals and objectives of the organization and the leader. Overall all the interpreta tions of the three important elements of judging the leadership style has helped in assessing and understanding the leadership style and the type of leadership practices which has enabled in regulating the practices and the necessary theories of the type of organizational leadership and governance. Conclusion The fact and the importance of the various scenarios which have been developed due to the various leadership theories have been asserted in this discussion. It began with a self reflection procedure which has been streamlined in determining my capacities in managing and coordinating my leadership skills. The self account drew a lead to discussing all the contextual factors that are involved in managing and supervising my scope and capacities of leading and governing a coordinated and effectual team members. The competence of a leader with a powerful attitude of a great influencer cannot be limited to any specific role, but proper mentoring and monitoring of the team members or the apparent followers are important characteristics that can be used for operating them in a real environment. The conclusion is an account which has assimilated the requirements and purpose of the assessment of leadership skills in relation to the aspects of power and influence. Reference Beveridge, L. (2013).Power and influence. Hodder And Stoughton Ltd., London. Cameron, K. S., Quinn, R. E., DeGraff, J., Thakor, A. V. (2014).Competing values leadership. 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